How do I read a tire sidewall?
Sidewalls have lots of usefull information on them. The manufacturer places this information on the tire for the dealer who sells them, the technician who installs them and the consumer or the person who normally maintains them. Sidewalls provide the manufacturers name, size expression, direction of rotation, load rating and the U.S. DOT serial date code as well as the intended rim application and use.
What do all of those numbers mean?
A tire sidewall is read like a book, from left to right. On the sidewall you will normally find the manufacturers name at the top center of the tire sidewall, to the right the first set of large numbers that refer to the tire size, for example 200/60-16. The first number is the width of the tire in millimeters; the second number refers to the aspect ratio (percentage of height to width); the third number refers to the diameter of the wheel in inches.
To the right of that number you will find another three digit group in the same style font, for example G3H. This is the load index and speed symbol. These numbers are referred to as size expression and are used to designate tire to rim fitment.
To the right of that normally is the patent number and the U.S. DOT Serial Code. The DOT Serial Code depicts the date of manufacture. The first two digits indicate week of year tire was manufactured and the last two digits indicate the decade and year the tire was manufactured. To the right of that are the words front or rear indicating the intended use of tire, followed by the rotation symbol which denotes the direction of rotation for when the tire mounted. The rotation symbol (arrow) should be facing the front of the vehicle.
Next you will find manufacturers style name or brand unit number. You will also find on the sidewall the composition of tire, load range and maximum load rating at recommended PSI (pounds per square inches). The PSI on the sidewall is the maximum amount of pounds per square inch of air allowed in your tire; it is not the recommended amount of air in your tire. Always refer to your motorcycles owner or service manual for recommended PSI of air in your tire for the best wear and duration at safe speeds.
What is the little colored dot on the side of my tire?
Tire manufacturers place a colored dot on the sidewall referred to as a “harmonic marking.” This allows match mounting meaning the colored dot goes in line with the valve stem when mounted.
Tube vs. tubeless tires: whats the difference?
Tube tires are used for spoke rims and tubeless are used for a “mag” style rims. A tube is never to be used in a mag style rim because the air between the tube and the tire has no place to escape and will create a “soft spot.” This will create a hazardous or unsafe riding condition.
How often should I check air pressure and how important is it?
Tire pressure is extremely important. Air has a way of slowly seeping out of a tire through the microscopic porosity of the tire itself. Thats why youll notice a decrease in tire pressure after your motorcycle has been parked for many months. A good rule of thumb on checking tire pressure is this: If you ride several times a week you should check your pressure once a week. If you ride less often, check it before you ride every time. Safety is the first reason to do this; many accidents could have been prevented if the rider ensured his or her tires were properly inflated. The second reason to check tire pressure is to maintain the wear and life of the tire.
You should always do a visual check of your tires before a ride to make sure theyre in rideable condition. Check the tread. Make sure there are no cracks. Exposure to the sun causes tires to crack and dry out, especially the sidewalls. Make sure youve not run over a nail, or that any road debris is stuck in them. Check to see if the tire is wearing evenly. If there appears to be some cupping or the tire is wearing unevenly, this could be an indication that something else is wrong, like a suspension problem. Many of us forget to actually look at our tires before getting on the bike. Its the easiest way to tell if something is askew.
Does Fix-a-Flat work?
According to Fix-a-Flats Web site, the product is not intended for use with motorcycle tires. There are, however, tire sealant products you can carry with you designed for motorcycle tires. This one is for tubeless tires only: Stop and Go Tubeless Tire Plug Gun Kit. It sells for $49.95 and is available at WhitehorsePress.com.
To fix a tube tire, the tire will have to be removed from the rim. Heres a product that can repair both tube and tubeless tires, although it does not contain tools to remove a tube tire from the rim. The Tire Pro Repair Kit costs $24.95 and is available at CruzTools.com.
For a good selection of flat tire fix kits, visit StopNGo.com.
Performance tires: Should I get them, or do stock tires work OK?
Motorcycle and tire manufacturers do research and development on tons of tires and the recommendation is that stock tires work for normal (intended) riding conditions for each application, i.e. off-road, street or race. If the bike is used for purposes other than originally intended, an upgrade may be necessary. When purchasing tires, do not mix radial and non-radial tires as this could create handling and stability issues. It is good practice to stay with the motorcycle manufacturers recommendations regarding which tires to use.
How do I know when I need a new tire?
Aside from maintaining proper tire inflation, you should be mindful of how much tread you have on your tires. A penny will give you an idea of how much tread is left. Youve probably heard this example used before. Stick a penny in the tire tread with Lincolns head down. If you can see the top of Lincolns head the tread is worn close to or over the legal limit. The legal limit for tread depth is two thirty-seconds of an inch. The top of Lincolns head to the top of the penny is about two thirty-seconds of an inch. If the tread covers part of Lincolns hair, your tires are probably OK.
Tire manufacturers provide lots of helpful information. For more information visit these Web sites:
DunlopMotorcycle.com
MetzelerMoto.com
Athena Ransom owns Vagabond Chopper Company, a motorcycle shop in Pompano Beach, Florida, where she repairs and builds custom motorcycles. Her bikes have been featured in numerous motorcycle magazines and bike shows. She has been riding and wrenching on motorcycles since 1994 and is married with two children. If you have questions, call Athena at her shop at 954.360.0075, or email at vagabondchickie@aol.com. You can also post a comment or question or comment below.
Great article. My usually cautious husband doesn’t check our tire pressures before every trip. Now I will! He admitted that he learned from the article also. Thanks.
My rear tire is in need of a change. My front tire still looks good. I have heard that you only need to replace the the front every other back. True or false.
Great article, but I would like it to go one step further, how to test tire pressure. I don't like the digital tool. Keep up the good work!
We've found the kind with the small analog dial face and short hose works best. It's easy to get at valve stems that are hard to reach with this kind of tire gauge versus the metal tire gauge that looks like a pen and can be less reliable.
Great article. Even my “know it all” husband learned from it.
A very good, comprehensive article with lots of good tire info for those just getting acquainted with tires.
A couple of additional thoughts: The tire inflation recommended by the motorcycle manufacturer (and can be found in the bike's owner's/operator's manual or sometimes on a sticker on the bike itself) is often a comprise between ride quality, handling and tire wear — with tire wear usually taking the hardest hit. These recommended inflations can sometimes be slightly low (for ride quality) and can promote uneven tread pattern wear. While the recommended inflation is a good place to start, don't be afraid to make small increase adjustments (1 – 2 pounds at a time, front and rear) occasionally, to see if it improves the handling and tire wear longevity – especially if you see uneven tread wear patterns.
If you find your tires cupping or wearing unevenly on one side or the other, have them checked out by a professional to see what actions should be taken to get even tread wear. Check the tread wear around the circumference of the tire, each time you check inflation.
Also, most tires now have wear bars, molded into them. Wear bars show up in the tire tread, when you've reached a dangerously low depth of tread. Know where the wear bars are located in your tread and keep an eye on them as well. Never let your tread depth get down into the wear bars. The tire tread is not an area to skimp on and try to get a few more miles out of. Change to new tires before the wear bars show up!
Thanks for the extra advice. Very good points all riders should be aware of.